6x4 - How Vertebrates Got Teeth... And Lost Them Again

February 8, 2022

As revolutionary as teeth were, they would go on to disappear in some groups of vertebrates. But why?

6x5 - How Horses Went From Food To Friends

February 16, 2022

Do our modern horses descend from just one domesticated population, or did it happen many times, in many places? Answering these questions has been tricky, as we’ve needed to bring together evidence from art, archaeology, and ancient DNA…Because, as it turns out, the history of humans and horses has been a pretty wild ride.

6x6 - Why We Only Have Ten Toes (It's a Long Story)

February 23, 2022

Today, all mammals from humans to bats have five fingers or fewer. Yes, even whales, whose finger bones are hidden in their fins. Birds have four or fewer and amphibians get the best of both worlds, often having four digits on their “hands” and five on their “feet.” But no species of vertebrates have more than five digits, let alone eight!

6x7 - Sharks nearly went extinct 19 million years ago #shorts

March 2, 2022

There used to be SO MANY sharks...where did they go?

6x8 - Dire wolves aren’t wolves at all #shorts

March 3, 2022

Dire wolves aren’t actually wolves but what they are might be even cooler.

6x9 - Could humans survive if they traveled back in time 3 billion years? #shorts

March 4, 2022

Could humans survive during the Precambrian?

6x10 - Some trees are more closely related to broccoli than to other trees #shorts

March 7, 2022

Don’t be fooled by convergent evolution.

6x11 - Human knees are the worst and we have evolution to thank for that #shorts

March 8, 2022

Why do human knees suck?

6x12 - A crater in Turkmenistan has been on fire for about 50 years #shorts

March 10, 2022

And it’s been reported that one of the geologists started it on purpose?

6x13 - When a Giant Pterosaur Ruled the European Islands

March 15, 2022

The ecological niche of apex predators was empty on Hateg Island, waiting to be occupied by something large, mobile, and powerful enough to fill it.

6x14 - Only one human has been excavated from the La Brea Tar Pits #shorts

March 17, 2022

6x15 - Could humans survive a giant space rock colliding with Earth 66 million years ago? #shorts

March 18, 2022

Would you have survived the K-Pg Impact?

6x16 - The Sudden Rise of the First Colossal Animal

March 22, 2022

A truly enormous ichthyosaur around the size of a modern sperm whale, reached its size within just a few million years of taking to the water - a blink of an eye in evolutionary time.

6x17 - The Tasmanian tiger is definitely extinct. So why do people keep report sightings of them? #shorts

March 25, 2022

Thylacines are definitely extinct!

6x18 - The Extreme Hyenas That Didn't Last

March 29, 2022

Hyenas weren’t always able to eat bones. In fact, only a few million years ago, they lived very different lives.

6x19 - Who forged one of the most famous fake fossils of all time? #shorts

March 31, 2022

6x20 - After this bird went extinct the first time, evolution just hit replay #shorts

April 4, 2022

The bird that evolved twice!

6x21 - Someone lost the only fossil from what might’ve been the biggest dinosaur ever #shorts

April 5, 2022

6x22 - Would you have survived the biggest mass extinction of all time? #shorts

April 6, 2022

6x23 - An ancient insect trapped in amber has a parasitic mushroom erupting out of it? #shorts

April 8, 2022

I will pass on the parasitic mind-controlling mushroom, thanks

6x24 - How the Smallest Animal Got So Simple

April 13, 2022

We tend to think that evolution only goes in one direction— toward getting bigger and more advanced. But that’s not always the case. This tiny, simple animal, the Myxozoans, (yes, animal!) evolved from something bigger and more complex.

6x25 - We know a lot about dinosaurs but...what was the first dinosaur? #shorts

April 14, 2022

6x26 - Why Sour May Be The Oldest Taste

April 20, 2022

While sour taste's original purpose was to warn vertebrates of danger, in a few animal groups, including us, its role has reversed. The taste of danger became something it was dangerous for us to avoid.

6x27 - The Ancient Human Species With A Missing Body

April 27, 2022

Only a handful of Denisovan fossils have been identified. In the absence of actual body fossils, it’s impossible for us to reconstruct their morphology, right?

6x28 - Are there dinosaur fossils in space? #shorts

May 2, 2022

6x29 - Why don’t rabbits get really, really big? #shorts

May 3, 2022

6x30 - An extinct human species was discovered deep within a cave system #shorts

May 4, 2022

6x31 - When Ants Domesticated Fungi

May 10, 2022

While we’ve been farming for around 10,000 to 12,000 years, the ancestors of ants have been doing it for around 60 million years. So when, and how, and why did ants start … farming?

6x32 - The Curious Case of the Cave Lion

May 17, 2022

A mysterious, large feline roamed Eurasia during the last ice age. Its fossils have been found across the continent, and it’s been the subject of ancient artwork. So what exactly were these big cats?

6x33 - Is This The Oldest Dad In The Fossil Record?

May 26, 2022

Fossil evidence suggests Diictodon used burrows to breed, and that a parent stayed behind to feed and protect their young. And the parent that stayed behind? It might’ve been the male.

6x34 - Why did so many predators die at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry? #shorts

May 27, 2022

There’s something weird going on at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in what’s now Utah.

6x35 - What is the most successful human species? #shorts

May 31, 2022

Does Homo erectus beat out Homo sapiens?

6x36 - Sharks have antibacterial skin. Can we use that to save lives? #shorts

June 1, 2022

Sometimes modern problems require ancient, evolutionary solutions.

6x37 - This Ice Age pup's last meal was a woolly rhino #shorts

June 2, 2022

What was this ancient pup’s last meal?

6x38 - What came first, the sabertooth or the cat? #shorts

June 3, 2022

The newest oldest saber-toothed mammal

6x39 - How To Build A Woolly Mammoth (But Should We?)

June 8, 2022

In the quest to understand how evolution basically built the woolly mammoth, we may have found the blueprints for building them ourselves.

6x40 - Something Has Been Making This Mark For 500 Million Years

June 15, 2022

Paleodictyon, a hexagonal-patterned fossil, is a bit of a mystery. We don’t even know if it’s a trace fossil, or the organism itself. So… what could it be?

6x41 - Giant Viruses Blur The Line Between Alive and Not

June 29, 2022

In 2003, microbiologists made a huge discovery. One that would force us to reconsider a lot of what we thought we knew about the evolution of microbial life: giant viruses.

6x42 - This new giant bacterium is visible to the naked eye #shorts

July 6, 2022

Microbiology goes macro with a new giant bacterium!

6x43 - Another Spinosaurus study, another opportunity to debate if Spinosaurus was aquatic #shorts

July 7, 2022

Spinosaurus had dense bones!

6x44 - There were dinosaurs with basically no arms at all, just hands! #shorts

July 8, 2022

Guemesia: a new no-arm dino

6x45 - When Giant Millipedes Reigned

July 13, 2022

This giant millipede was the largest known invertebrate to ever live on land. So how did it get so big??

6x46 - How Plate Tectonics Transformed Los Angeles

July 21, 2022

Despite the profound changes we’ve made here in recent history, the epic saga of Los Angeles' natural history is still visible - and even striking - if you know where and how to look for it.

6x47 - Why Does Caffeine Exist?

July 28, 2022

Today, billions of people around the world start their day with caffeine. But how and why did the ability to produce this molecule independently evolve in multiple, distantly-related lineages of flowering plants, again and again?

6x48 - This was the biggest earthquake humans ever experienced #shorts

August 3, 2022

One of the biggest earthquakes humans ever experienced happened around 3800 years ago in what's now northern Chile.

6x49 - Someone stole two of the most important documents in the history of science #shorts

August 3, 2022

We have no idea where they were all this time, or who stole and returned them and why.

6x50 - You can thank evolution for flesh-eating bees #shorts

August 5, 2022

Flesh-eating bees exist!

6x51 - This is one of the oldest art workshops ever discovered! #shorts

August 5, 2022

Archaeologists have discovered an ancient art workshop

6x52 - Did An Ancient Pathogen Reshape Our Cells?

August 11, 2022

There is one - and only one - group of mammals that doesn’t have alpha-gal: the catarrhine primates, which are the monkeys of Africa and Asia, the apes, and us.

6x53 - How Whale Evolution Kind Of Sucked

August 18, 2022

Mystacodon is the earliest known mysticete, the group that, today, we call the baleen whales. But if this was a baleen whale, where was its baleen? Where did baleen come from? And how did it live without it?

6x55 - Did you know that fossils can get sick? #shorts

August 31, 2022

Did you know that fossils can get sick? – Specifically with Pyrite Disease

6x56 - A supervolcano in Idaho once caused a disaster 900 miles away. #shorts

September 8, 2022

Disaster in the great plains!

6x57 - A bunch of very important fossils disappeared during WWII. #shorts

September 9, 2022

80 years ago, a bunch of fossils of ancient humans disappeared.

6x58 - Did this animal poop cubes? Giant cubes? #shorts

September 13, 2022

Congrats! You just found a wombat burrow. And the cubes are its poop.

6x59 - Are wisdom teeth a problem for us because of evolution? Or because of our development? #shorts

September 14, 2022

Wisdom teeth can be such a pain

6x60 - Our extinct relative was an ancient leopard’s lunch. #shorts

September 16, 2022

Paranthropus got chomped by a leopard

6x61 - When did we start wearing clothes? #shorts

September 17, 2022

We didn’t always wear clothes!

6x62 - Did Megalodon go after whale faces specifically? #shorts

September 22, 2022

Ancient sperm whale heads belonged on every shark-cuterie board

6x63 - Where Did Water Come From?

September 27, 2022

Mercury, Venus, and Mars are all super low on water – so where did ours come from and why do we have so much of it? We think our water came from a few unlikely sources: meteorites, space dust, and even the sun.

6x64 - Our Ancient Relative That Said 'No Thanks' To Life On Land

October 4, 2022

Around the time that some of our fishapod relatives were crawling out of the water, others were turning around and diving right back in.

6x65 - Imagine a cat's mouth fully covering up their saber teeth. #shorts

October 5, 2022

We might’ve been wrong about how this saber-toothed cat looked

6x66 - Darwin correctly predicted an animal existed without ever seeing it. #shorts

October 7, 2022

Sometimes evolution is completely predictable.

6x67 - Neandertals weren’t dumb cavemen. In lots of ways, they were just like us. #shorts

October 10, 2022

Shanidar 1 got by with a little help from his friends

6x68 - Here are two ways to get a fossil species named after you. #shorts

October 14, 2022

Here are two ways to get a fossil species named after you.