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First Flights with Neil Armstrong
Season 3
Episode 13

Propellers - Wings With A Twist

December 8, 1993

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First Flights with Neil Armstrong - S3 - E13

The Wright brothers realized that a propeller was a rotating wing – giving it a twist made it practical. By the mid 1930s, variable pitch and NACA research revolutionized propeller design. With the coming of the jet age, propellers fell out of favor for large aircraft. But designers soon realized that a fast turboprop with an advanced propeller could be more efficient than the best jetliners.

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First Flights with Neil Armstrong: Season 3 - 13 Episode s

3x1 - Whirling Wings - Evolution of the Rotorhead
September 8, 1993
From Cierva's breakthrough in autogyro design, to the state-of-the-art BK-117, the heart of the helicopter story has been the rotorhead. Early helicopters were complex, dangerous flying machines, prone to failure. For the men and women who took the controls, concentration and daring were essential.
3x2 - Water Birds - Floatplanes and Flying Boats
September 15, 1993
By the 1930s, flying boats – massive, airborne ocean liners – opened up global routes for passenger service, while the floatplanes entering the Schneider Trophy races were the fastest, most innovative flying machines in existence.
3x3 - Jump to the Sky - Jet VTOL
September 22, 1993
Conventional airplanes need large runways for takeoff and landing, a limitation that concerned defense planners. As turbine engines became lighter, a new type of aircraft became possible — one that could take off and land vertically, yet fly with the speed of jets.
3x4 - Tail First Flying - the Canard
September 29, 1993
When the small tail surface wings which enable an airplane to go up or down are moved to the front, they are called canards. It is a technology as old as manned flight — the Wrights used canards on their early airplanes. Canards were rarely used after the first World War until computer technology provided the control needed to make the technology feasible.
3x5 - First Around The World
October 6, 1993
Many times in aviation history the ultimate test of aircraft and pilot was to fly around the world. Competition and showmanship always played a part, but in the end it was the mental and physical endurance of the men and women who climbed into the cockpit that made success possible.
3x6 - Flying Blind
October 20, 1993
In the early days of flying, instrumentation was crude. A weighted silk stocking tied to a strut could help the pilot gauge his airspeed. Wartime challenged pilots to learn the techniques of blind flying. Today, pilots use orbiting satellites to pinpoint their position, and complex autopilots enable an aircraft to fly itself.
3x7 - Flying Wings
October 27, 1993
In their quest for flight efficiency, some designers thought the ideal shape would be just a wing, nothing else, flying through the air. Though successful development of flying wings has often proved illusive, Northrop's designs proved feasibility, and the B-2 Stealth Bomber brought the configuration into production.
3x8 - Flight Control - Wing Warping to Fly-by-Wire
November 3, 1993
Two years after the first manned flight, the Wrights mastered control sufficiently to fly the first circle – a major aviation advance that went almost unnoticed. By World War II, the first hydraulically boosted controls were invented, enabling pilots to fly aircraft weighing more than 100,000 pounds without the muscles of a co pilot. Once digital signals succeeded in maneuvering spacecraft, computerized fly-by-wire technology for aircraft was not far behind.
3x9 - Flash Of Glory - Aerial Combat Enters The Jet Age
November 10, 1993
During WWII, the Germans introduced the Messerschmitt 262, and the British the Gloster Meteor. With these first operational jet fighters, a new era in aerial combat had begun. As jet met jet in the skies over Korea, the MiG-15 proved Russia to be a major power in jet aircraft development.
3x10 - Flying the Mail
November 17, 1993
Airmail pioneers demonstrated to a public already infatuated with flying, that airplanes had a bright commercial future. They led the way for the great commercial ventures that would one day span the globe. The variety of aircraft was dazzling, but conditions were harsh and pilots had to be hardy and brave to risk flying the mail.
3x11 - Backyard Fliers - An Airplane In Every Garage
November 24, 1993
In the 1920s when just about anyone could afford a car, interest grew in a safe, inexpensive airplane that anyone could fly. Convenience went a step further in roadable aircraft – vehicles that could travel the highways, then convert to an airplane for the rest of the journey. The airplane has never attained the practicality of the automobile for family travel, but modern aviation offers exciting opportunities for the amateur flyer.
3x12 - First In Speed: Air Racing
December 1, 1993
From the early years of flight until the late 1930s, air racing was the single most important testing ground for engineering advancements. It provided a breathtaking combination of daredevil risk taking and technological innovation.
3x13 - Propellers - Wings With A Twist
December 8, 1993
The Wright brothers realized that a propeller was a rotating wing – giving it a twist made it practical. By the mid 1930s, variable pitch and NACA research revolutionized propeller design. With the coming of the jet age, propellers fell out of favor for large aircraft. But designers soon realized that a fast turboprop with an advanced propeller could be more efficient than the best jetliners.

First Flights with Neil Armstrong: All seasons

S1: Season 1
13 Episode s
S2: Season 2
13 Episode s
S3: Season 3
13 Episode s

3x1 - Whirling Wings - Evolution of the Rotorhead

3x2 - Water Birds - Floatplanes and Flying Boats

3x3 - Jump to the Sky - Jet VTOL

3x4 - Tail First Flying - the Canard

3x5 - First Around The World

3x6 - Flying Blind

3x7 - Flying Wings

3x8 - Flight Control - Wing Warping to Fly-by-Wire

3x9 - Flash Of Glory - Aerial Combat Enters The Jet Age

3x10 - Flying the Mail

3x11 - Backyard Fliers - An Airplane In Every Garage

3x12 - First In Speed: Air Racing

3x13 - Propellers - Wings With A Twist

S1: Season 1

S2: Season 2

S3: Season 3